Hvergelmir – The cold well of endurance. I have associated with a once longer Shkhara Glacier.
Nidafjoll – Dark and difficult to locate high mountains. I have associated them with a sheer wall of mountains, some of the highest in the Caucasus, immediately east of Mount Elbrus.
Mimmisbrunnr – The central well of wisdom. I have associated with the mountain waters of Lake Sevan surrounded by the Lesser Caucasus
Urdarbrunnr – The southernmost well of fate. I have associated with Lake Van, south of Mount Ararat.
Bifrost – The rainbow bridge. A tenuous connection between Asgard and Midgard. I have associated with the 112 kilometre long Arabat Spit (or Arabat Arrow) on the eastern edge of the Crimea.
Nidhoggr – the underworld serpent that gnaws at the roots of Yggdrasil. This is associated with the headwaters of the Euphrates River, which cut through the mountains west of Mount Ararat.
Amsvartnir – the barren salt lake with an island called Lyngvi where the wolf Fenrir is chained. I have associated this with Lake Urmia, which now is a fraction of its former size allowing its main island (Shahi Island) to become attached to the shore of the lake.
Utgard – the outer realm in the far south. The parched Central Anatolian Plateau.
Yggdrasil and Middle World 